Hum/176 Week 1

Hello! Thank you for your submission this week. Here is some feedback to help you assess your assignment contribution versus what was expected in this assignment. Please see the following as a guide for how your responses measured versus the ideal answers to this activity. Assignment: News Media, Option 1: Toolwire ® Learnscape Credibility and Impact Purpose of Assignment: In this Learnscape, students take on the role of Deputy Speech Writer for Senator Owen Johnson.Students use the Internet (via a Universe of Content consisting of 12 sites hosted on the Toolwire ® system) to identify credibility issues related to the use of Internet content as it pertains to political issues. In doing so, they also have to discern which sources are most credible and be able to substantiate this. The student is also asked to review a speech outline from the senator and write an introductory paragraph addressing the effect of the Internet on politics.Resources Required: Toolwire ® Learnscape Cre dibility and Impact Grading Guide |Assessment A Part One – Credibility and Impact: Exploring the Internet and Politics | |Summary |This interaction is the first part of the assessment (Part A). The student opens the InVision Pro | | |application and uses a drag-and-drop list to assess the credibility of the sites from the Universe| | |of Content dashboard.When the student has completed the drag-and-drop list, they close the | | |InVision Pro application and their BlackBerry ® Smartphone rings with a video call from the | | |senator. | |Character |Text | | |InVision Pro |Instructions: Indicate whether each Web site is credible by dragging and dropping your | |Application |answer from the list at the left. | | | |[Student drags yes or no to the Credible? column from a list to the left of the table. | | | |The Why? column will automatically populate with notes from the Notepad of the Universe | | | |of Content interaction. When finished, the student is prompted to close the | | | |application. | | | | | | | |[Completed table should look like the below (answers):] | | | | | | | |Website | | | |Credible? | | |Why? | | | | | | | |The Drudge Report | | | |No | | | |News aggregator run by known conservative Matt Drudge – Certainly, he has his own | | | |agenda, but could someone pay Drudge to promote or bury a story? | | | | | | |Daily Kos | | | |No | | | |The largest progressive community blog in the United States – What are the | | | |qualifications of the posters? Do they research their posts or just spout opinions? | | | | | | |The Huffington Post | | | |No | | | |Named after founder and editor-in-chief, Arianna Huffington – Her personal views drive | | | |the content, which leans quite liberal. | | | | | | | |POLITICO | | | |Yes | | | |It looks like it tries to dig a bit deeper than mainstream media.The half news, half | | | |blog format may make it hard to figure out what to take at face value. | | | | | | | |Salon | | | |Yes | | | |Self-described â€Å"award-winning online news and entertainment website. † Forbes calls it | | | |†smart and provocative. It’s well respected, but where does the entertainment end and | | | |the news begin? What’s written to deliberately provoke? | | | | | | | |Colbert Nation | | | |No | | | |Is this truth or comedy? When comedy is the goal, can you ever tell what’s real and | | | |what’s skewed just for a laugh? | | | | | | |The Hill | | | |Yes | | | |Nonpartisan, nonideological with the largest circulation of the Capitol Hill newspapers | | | |– This is where Congress gets its news. Could it use its influence to sway political | | | |insiders? | | | | | | |The Nation | | | |Yes | | | |This site has been reporting since the Lincoln administration. The mission is clear: | | | |â€Å"The Nation will not be the organ of any party, sect, or body. It will, on the contrary,| | | |make an earnest effort to bring to the discussion o f political and social questions a | | | |really critical spirit, and to wage war upon the vices of violence, exaggeration, and | | | |misrepresentation by which so much of the political writing of the day is marred. | | | | | | | |– from The Nation's founding prospectus, 1865 | | | | | | | |That is tough to argue with. | | | | | | | |Red, Green and Blue | | | |No | | |Environmental politics from across the spectrum – likely a bias towards only posting | | | |stories that support their position on the environment. | | | | | | | |Crooks and Liars | | | |No | | | |John Amato’s blog – All opinions with some references to real news outlets. But where | | | |are the facts? | | | | | | |The Washington Post | | | |Yes | | | |The hometown newspaper of national politics – A pile of Pulitzers gives WaPo all the | | | |credibility it needs. | | | | | | | |The New York Times | | | |Yes | | | |Internationally acclaimed, you cannot get more respected than â₠¬ËœThe Gray Lady. But that | | | |doesn’t mean there will never be bias or a conflict of interest. | | | | | | |Assessment A Part Two: Answer the Senator about Credibility, (at Student Office) – Credibility and Impact: Exploring the Internet| |and Politics | |Summary |This interaction is the second half of the first part of the assessment (Part A). The student | | |receives a video call on their BlackBerry ® Smartphone from the senator.After a brief hello | | |interchange, the senator asks the student to comment on credibility issues pertaining to using | | |information from Internet sources. The student answers via a 140-character short-answer format. After| | |the student sends that information, the senator will call back to acknowledge receipt. When the | | |student hangs up, the scene transitions to the student’s apartment. | |Character |Text | | |Senator Owen |Wow, that’s fast.Now that you’ve done the legwork, I need you to comment on credi bility | | |Johnson |issues pertaining to using information from Internet sources. What do you think? | | |Student (via |[Answer should include: You should look for more information about a Web site, as it’s | | |short-answer text |often not obvious whether it’s nonpartisan, leans left or right, or even employs | | |box) |professional journalists. To really find out if a site is credible, you often have to | | | |look past the home page.Many sites have a long track record of credibility, but that | | | |does not exempt them from any and all possibility of bias, conflicts of interest, or | | | |misreporting in the future. The world’s greatest news outlets all make mistakes | | | |sometimes. You should look at everything with a grain of salt. Someone may leave out a | | | |fact by accident, bury a story that puts a friend in a bad light, or publish something | | | |deliberately false to advance their career. ] | | |Assessment B: Writing the Speech, (at Student Off ice) – Credibility and Impact: Exploring the Internet and Politics | |Summary This interaction is the second part of the assessment (Part A). The student is in their office to | | |write the introductory paragraph for the speech. The student opens the outline so that they may use | | |it for reference. They then open a new document in the InVision Pro application and write a | | |short-answer essay (100- to 350-words) in the application. Per the senator’s instructions from his | | |e-mail, the student then attaches the document to an e-mail to the senator. When the student clicks | | |Send, the interaction is complete. |Character |Text | | |InVision Write Pro |The student must write a short-answer essay (100- to 350-words) as the introductory | | | |paragraph to the senator’s speech about the effect of the Internet on politics. ] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[Answer should include: Politics now change very rapidly.Politicians must be able to | | | |rea ct quickly to what is happening in the world. More voter participation in Internet | | | |media provides politicians with more information about what Americans want. Internet | | | |technology allows politicians to reach more people, more often. ] | | |Written Response | |[Answers Vary: Students provide a 250 word response providing an explanation as to whether or not the information media have | |social responsibility. ] |

Marketing is the delivery of standard of living Essay

This concept was originated by Paul Mazur. According to him, â€Å"Marketing is the delivery of standard of living.† Prof. McNair made an important amendment in the definition. According to him, â€Å"Marketing if the creation and delivery of standard of living to the society.† It is consumer –oriented concept. Producer tries to know the customers need and plan his production accordingly. Aggressive marketing technique is used to encourage the society to purchase new product. The availability of goods also increased. It is because of this concept that nowadays we are able to consume more quality product. Marketing is one of the terms in academia that does not have one commonly agreed upon definition. Even after a better part of a century the debate continues. In a nutshell it consists of the social and managerial processes by which products (goods or services) and value are exchanged in order to fulfill the needs and wants of individuals or groups. Although many people seem to think that â€Å"marketing† and â€Å"advertising† are synonymous, they are not. Advertising is simply one of the many processes that together constitute marketing, as suggested by the American Marketing Association, is â€Å"an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders†. Another definition, perhaps simpler and more universal, is this: â€Å"Marketing is the ongoing process of moving people closer to making a decision to purchase, use, follow†¦or conform to someone else’s products, services or values. Simply, if it doesn’t facilitate a â€Å"sale† then it’s not marketing.† Philip Kotler in his earlier books defines as: â€Å"Marketing is human activity directed at satisfying needs and wants through exchange processes†. Add to Kotler’s and Norris’ definitions, a response from the Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM). The association’s definition claims marketing to be the â€Å"management process of anticipating, identifying and satisfying customer requirements profitably†. Thus, operative marketing involves the processes of market research, new product development, product life cycle management, pricing, channel management as well as promotion. Marketing-â€Å"taking actions  to define, create, grow, develop, maintain, defend and own markets†. An approach to business that seeks to identify, anticipate and satisfy customers needs. The role of marketing is to facilitate exchanges. Its essence is to create greater contentment and satisfaction by recognizing the preference structures of both parties and crafting the basis for exchanges. Marketing’s value to society is that it creates more efficient and effective interaction between and among individuals and organizations. Marketing is endemic to society. Whenever there is an exchange or an attempted exchange of something of value for something else of value, the marketing process is at work. The process of marketing pre-dates written history, where individuals bartered goods and services in exchange for other goods and services to produce a more satisfying life than one they could produce for themselves. Five conditions must be met for an exchange to take place: 1.There is at least two parties. 2. Each party has something that might be of value to the other party. 3. Each party is capable of communication and delivery. 4. Each party is free to accept or reject the offer. 5. Each party believes it is appropriate or desirable to deal with the other party. These five conditions are inherent in ancient markets, where farmers and craftsmen brought their produce and wares to a central market. So too it applies to today’s flea markets, garage sales and ebay transactions. It also applies to the sophisticated supply chains necessary to stock a Wal-Mart store or build a missile system for the military. Marketing is pervasive in all human endeavors. Most human interaction requires an understanding of the other party’s perspective in order to have a productive relationship. Therefore the principles of marketing are applied in both for-profit and not-for-profit settings, including the marketing of places, causes, events, organizations, and persons. For simplicity of  presentation in this book, we will refer to the parties in the exchanges as buyers and sellers to represent a commercial transaction between a producer and a customer, even though some exchanges are not commercial and both parties are technically buyers and sellers. Marketing is the creation of utility? Discuss†¦ Marketing seeks to satisfy the needs of people (customers or the market) (creating a sense of usefulness or utility) through the exchange process. Marketing refers to channeling the gap between service and product providers to service and product seekers also known as a way of satisfying needs. The marketing Mix or the â€Å"4 P’s† are: product place promotion price The concept of â€Å"4p’s† is replaced by the concept of â€Å"7 p’s† they are product price place promotion people positioning packaging These are employed to satisfy a target market’ or target demographic (the pool of potential customers). Example: Product: Procter and Gamble introduces new toothpaste designed to taste good and fight cavities. Logo and packaging designed in bright colors to appeal to kids of elementary school age to encourage more tooth brushing. Price: $2.00, and discounted by means of coupons Promotion: television and radio commercials, magazine and newspaper ads, and a website; these use bright colors and happy music, perhaps an animated cartoon character for a fun and family-friendly attitude Place (or  distribution): Supermarkets, drugstores, discount stores such as Wal-Mart Target demographic: Mothers with kids who make toothpaste buying decisions for the family (advertising could be shown on children’s programming, prompting kids to ask parents to buy the toothpaste) Creating utility: The American Heritage Dictionary defines utility as â€Å"the quality or condition of being useful†. Utility is further defined as any quality and/or status that provide a product with the capability to satisfy the consumer’s wants and needs. Marketing is responsible for creating most of a product’s inherent utility. There are four basic types of utility: Form utility: production of the good or service, driven by the marketing function. For example, Procter and Gamble turns raw ingredients and chemicals into toothpaste. Place utility: making the product available where customers will buy the product. Procter and Gamble secures shelf space for the toothpaste at a wide variety of retailers including supermarkets and drugstores. Time utility: making the product available when customers want to buy the product. The U.S. drugstore chain Walgreens has many locations open 24 hours a day, and since the 1990’s has placed most of their newer stores at major intersections. Possession utility: once you have purchased the product, you have rights to use the product as intended, or (in theory) for any use you would like. A fifth type of utility is often defined along with the above four types: Image utility: the satisfaction acquired from the emotional or psychological meaning attached to products. Some people pay more for toothpaste perceived to be more effective at fighting cavities and whitening teeth. Process creates utility: The exchange process is the process by which two or more parties give something of value to each other to satisfy the perceived needs. The marketer (a company like Procter and Gamble) offers goods and services desired by the market (the pool of potential customers). In return, the market (the customer) gives back something of value to the marketer, generally money. Both ends receive something of value in the exchange process. The marketer makes money and the  customer receives goods, services, or ideas that satisfy their needs. The exchange process is the origin of marketing. The process creates utility. For an exchange to occur: Both parties must have something of value to exchange. Both parties need to be able to communicate. Procter and Gamble (P&G), for example, must have money to purchase advertising space. Both parties must be able to exchange. The toothpaste, in some cases, must be approved by the FDA in order for it to be sold. The customer must be able to buy the product with his or her money, and have access to a retail store where the product is sold to be able to buy it. Both parties must want to exchange. At least two parties are needed for an exchange to occur.

Big Mountain High School Case Study Analysis Education Essay

In this instance survey analysis, I will give a brief sum-up of the instance and the jobs I found along with particulars. I will besides supply recommendations for the territory and school leading that will turn to the awaited barriers to alter. I will establish my recommendations on the needed readings for this class every bit good as other theoreticians and their research applicable to the instance survey. Big Mountain High School serves over 1450 pupils in grades 10-12. Large Mountain is the lone high school in the county, and besides the largest high school in the province. Its geographical location is known for its wilderness and beauty. Because of its location it is mostly a rural territory where many of the attending pupils commute more than 30 stat mis every twenty-four hours to have day-to-day direction. The population of the school ranges from diverse socio-economic backgrounds. As evidenced in the instance, 40 % of the pupils will travel on to go toing 4-year colleges, while 20 % of the pupils attend 2-year colleges. For pupils that are non college edge, as an excess educational option, the territory provides them with a vocational plan ( Smith & A ; Louis, Winter 1999 ) . The Superintendent of the territory is Mr. Bob Carpenter a indigen of the territory. He has been the overseer for four old ages and he is described as being magnetic, a individual who makes determinations and gets things done. He is extremely respected amongst the instructors and staff because he meets straight with the instructors and listens to what they have to state. Mr. Carpenter is besides described as utilizing a bottom-up leading manner doctrine. The chief Mr. Vogel has held the place for 15 old ages. He is known as being a dedicated manager, candid and carnival to his staff. Mr. Vogel besides adopted a bottom-up leading manner doctrine. Some nevertheless, see him to be â€Å" crusty and impersonal † and even unapproachable. He makes hiring determinations, nominates the section chairs, normally communicates with instructors in short staff meetings, and maintains that disposal has full authorization over the processs and policies in the school. The sections at Big Mountain high school were given entire authorization and liberty as how they distribute the instruction assignments, how course of study and direction is designed and they besides make the determinations on budget allotments. Meetings between the principal and section caputs are non regular events, they normally meet one time every three hebdomads and the meetings are normally really short. Finally, there are the instructors. The territory ranks the highest paid among other territories in the province, supplying the territory with a big pool of extremely qualified appliers. Teachers at Big Mountain command how they teach, have small or no treatments over learning methods, the type of direction, and have small or no input in the determination doing procedure that takes topographic point in the school. Faculty is divided and with really small interdisciplinary engagement. There are several leading issues present in the instance. The major issues revolve around the ability of the leading to expeditiously take the school during a much needed alteration. In the instance of the mandated course of study alteration as required by the province, the treatments of the new course of study raised personal and pedagogical differences amongst the module. If the end of the leading is to further growing and alter the way in which the school is traveling, it would be wise for the leading to take a human resource frame attack as discussed in Bolman & A ; Deal, where under the human resource frame, leaders provide and foster equal engagement in the determination devising ( Bolman & A ; Deal, 2008 ) . At Big Mountain, the caputs of section have a significant sum of influence and authorization, and are perceived by the module as decision makers and determination shapers. These differences in power have led to a deficiency of interdisciplinary engagement between section caputs and module members where Hargreaves & A ; Fink refer to as, traditional power blocks ( Hargreaves & A ; Fink, April 2004 ) . This deficiency of interdisciplinary engagement and the misinterpretation of a collaborative leading, as become a top-down hierarchy leading, instead than a sensed bottom-up leading as expressed by the chief Mr. Vogel. It is obvious that the principal in this school will non be developing meaningful relationships with the staff. His neglect for the sentiments of the instructors during his short module meetings, along with his important leading manner resemble what Fullan ( 2001 ) describes as coercive and bossy leading. As the freshly appointed caput for the Language Arts Department, Mr. Chester non merely appointed to the commission merely those who agree with him, he besides restricted the engagement from the instructors that will be implementing the course of study. By making so, he derailed Bolman & A ; Deal ‘s model attack, and the construct of the structural frame where the attempts of groups and persons are coordinated, and besides the human resource frame, where affecting others gives them a sense of belonging and ownership ( Bolman & A ; Deal, 2008 ) . Even though ab initio the principal shared the determination devising with the commission, he rapidly reversed that determination and decided to do the determinations himself. However, subsequently he decided to name Chester to take the new alterations commission to implement the new course of study. One once more his rushed determination was made without the engagement and the input from the instructors, go forthing it small room to win and showing the deficiency of communicating and alliance edifice, necessary when turn toing alteration ( Kanter, Summer 1999 ) . As the overseer, Bob Carpenter was non of much aid to the principal in set uping and developing a successful civilization of committed members within the organisation. Although important and magnetic, his strong interaction accomplishments, the ability to construct relationships while run intoing with instructors and listening to their concerns when the principal was non supportive, have earned him the regard of the instructors, minimising the authorization of the principal. As the overseer, Bob failed as a function theoretical account, and a wise man to the principal. He came across as holding his ain political docket, showing the deficiency of his leading qualities. Qualities required when constructing a successful organisation. Recommendations for ImprovementInspiring leaders have the ability to turn schools about. On the other manus mediocre leaders can alter the civilization of a school and hinder the patterned advance of successful enterprises that may be ongoing within an organisation driven by its members. â€Å" A civilization of alteration consists of great celerity and nonlinearity, on one manus and every bit great potency for originative discoveries on the other. The paradox is that transmutation would non be possible without attach toing muss † ( Fullan, 2001, p. 31 ) . It is obvious that muss is in the hereafter of Big Mountain. Changes are inevitable, and a complete restructuring of the school is recommended. From the overseer, to principal, to section leaders, and to instructors, all fail to develop a collaborative and cohesive work environment. In the instance, the prostration was initiated from the top-down where is lacked sustainable leading. Hargreaves ( 2009 ) describes five obstructions that impede effectual leading and should be addressed in the restructuring procedure of Big Mountain. The obstructions impede the successful execution of the restructuring when sequence is ill planned, sequence passages are severely managed, sequence is frequently on the incorrect frequence, sequence planning fails to see the emotional facets, and in conclusion sequence is non treated as a systemic job. Sequence in leading is an of import facet when reconstituting an organisation and it is frequently overlooked, weakening the long term alterations for a successful turn-around. Large Mountain could profit of an increased stableness in leading. It was evident that neither the overseer nor the principal were wholly dedicated to the school and its vision. The overseer and the principal could hold been more proactive in edifice and set uping a common vision for the school. Constructing a systemic leading is another of import facet that should be taken into consideration. The overseer should work on developing unfastened lines of communicating with other successful schools in the territory, and develop partnerships with the other schools where information is shared, and thoughts are exchanged leting schools to assist each other and ultimately addition accomplishment. Another recommendation involves the development of a distributed leading and the creative activity of managers for the new leading. Bolman & A ; Deal ( 2008 ) depict the human resource frame, where the overseer and the principal would put more accent on constructing personal relationships, and the s chool would profit from the constitution of an unfastened and true bottom-up leading manner doctrine. Because more and more disposal is comprised of first-time leaders, giving support to new leaders will relieve the emotional emphasis associated with the place. Supplying good back uping managers will assist the new leaders with the troubles that come with the new administrative function. A concluding option is to maintain the position quo of the school. However, without alterations in leading, the instability that exists amongst the staff will stay and will go on to decline. Leadership stableness can be improved by leading sequence, and this may be accomplished by administering successful leaders across schools in the territory and developing a support web that will help overseers, principals and instructors throughout the territory. â€Å" Successful sequence is about turning and linking leading throughout a system, non merely happening the right tantrum for single leaders. † And â€Å" Permanent betterment seldom exists without leading stableness or successful sequence. Effective sequence is a strategic challenge but non an unsurmountable 1 † ( Hargreaves & A ; Fink, April 2004 ) . MentionsBolman, L. G. , & A ; Deal, T. E. ( 2008 ) .Reframing organisations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Fullan, M. ( 2001 ) .Leading in a civilization of alteration. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Hargreaves, A. ( 2009 ) . Leadership Succession and Sustainable Improvement.School Administrator, 66 ( 11 ) , 10-15. Retrieved from ERIC database. Hargreaves, A. , & A ; Fink, D. ( April 2004 ) . The Seven Principles of Sustainable Leadership.Educational Leadership, 61 ( 7 ) , 8-13. Kanter, M. ( Summer 1999 ) . The Enduring Skill of Change Leaders.Leader to Leader Journal( 13 ) , 15-22. Smith, B. , & A ; Louis, L. ( Winter 1999 ) . Case 2: Changes at Big Mountain High School [ Abstract ] .Journal of Cases in Educational LeadershiP, 2 ( 1 ) , 1-2.

Business Communication Experience Research Paper

Business Communication Experience - Research Paper Example With this strategy, the organization does not attempt to prohibit any information from reaching those who are involved. Needless to say, this approach requires the manager has complete trust in their subordinates as they rely on them to ensure that there is no leakage of their activities to their rivals. This Strategy has its advantages as the employees who know what is going on are in a position to make proper decisions in reference to the ultimate goal of the company. Top – Down Approach This approach is definitely different from the horizontal approach as the manager here only provides information to their employees on a need to know basis. In other words, employees who are lower ranking within the organization do not have the complete information on the company’s intentions and all they are provided with is the information that they need to get their part of their work done. The need to know basis may prove to be effective in terms of keeping important information f rom the company’s rivals but it also breeds a feeling of distrust among the employees as they feel that the company does not trust them enough to divulge the full information to them (Jones, 2008). However, it should be noted that this communication approach can also be successful in the fact that an employee is able to concentrate on what is required of them without having other influences affecting them. For example, an employee whose job is to ensure that the products of the company are produced in a certain time has nothing else to worry about as their job has been clearly stated by the company and they have no other concern (Rai, 2008).   This report stresses that it should be noted that this communication approach can also be successful in the fact that an employee is able to concentrate on what is required of them without having other influences affecting them. For example, an employee whose job is to ensure that the products of the company are produced in a certain time has nothing else to worry about as their job has been clearly stated by the company and they have no other concern. This means that they will not be bothered by any other factors that they would have been forced to consider had they known they known the end game of the organization. As a result, the employees are able to focus on their duties thus they are able to give their all in the activities that they do. This paper makes a conclusion that the horizontal approach would be the more preferable of the two as despite the fact that there is a risk of having the activities of the company exposed to those who may be considered rivals to the organization, the fact that they know what is going on motivates them to do their best in order to achieve what the company is aiming for. The factor of trust is also essential to the motivation of the employees as they are bound to work harder if they feel that the company has trust in them. As a result, the employee will feel the urge to make sure that they do not disappoint the people that have put their faith in them.

Physical Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Physical Education - Essay Example From the discussion it is clear that these three dimensions determine a person’s Quality of Life. As a result, the health and medical care increasingly target physical education because of its strong correlation with physical health. A study by Marmot et al. posits that improved QoL correlates with reduced illnesses and other health issues, and it reduces costs in treatment of the ailments. As a result, including physical education in the curriculum is a productive way of implementing healthy lifestyle for these pupils.This study highlights that exercising helps a pupil develop both the understanding and knowledge of their body’s performance, and most of the times the students remain amazed by their body’s abilities. This development brings about endurance, which links to the Christian value whereby a pupil shows endurance when exploring his or her body’s capabilities. Creativity, expression of feelings and emotions come out right during dance and sports a mong other gymnastics. Students may build a positive mindset that promotes progression if allowed to have a reflection time to evaluate their experiences. In addition, these students will see a sense of admiration and respect when observing elite performance from professional athletes and their peers.  The physical education promotes healthy lifestyle and healthy living is vital for every student. During fair play, a student develops the ability to identify right from wrong in the sporting events, and especially during competition.

People who will embrace your transformation in to a college educated Article

People who will embrace your transformation in to a college educated person - Article Example This was something they look upon as their gift to me without any monetary equivalent. The support that they provide is not only financial but also moral and spiritual in value. As I journey into the midst of what’s to come, knowing that they will always be there as I strive for success is more than enough to consistently boost my confidence. Nevertheless, I am aware that there are people who will want to drag me down. Some in our immediate family think that college education is not necessary to thrive in life. They maintain that it is in one’s skills and sheer hard work that one gets a good job. Even more understandable is the consequent truth that a diploma costs a lot and this will translate to a huge dent in our financial stability. I recognize that there is a necessity for me to work harder in achieving my goals. Having a clearer path in what I want in life would help in overcoming these apprehensions. College education will allow me not only to have a mere piece of paper but to have life experiences that will lead me to realize where I am heading to in the

Read Devil in a Blue Dress by Walter Mosley and compare the advantages Essay

Read Devil in a Blue Dress by Walter Mosley and compare the advantages and disadvantages of first person point of view to point - Essay Example 2. Devil in a Blue Dress by Walter Mosley Every work of fiction is an amalgamation of fiction and reality where reality acts as a source of inspiration for the writer to enter the realm of fiction and twist the harsh veracity of life into a less brutal and bearable depiction of this world. â€Å"Devil in a Blue Dress† is a novel about the tale of Easy Rawlins who is a black American and is a self-made detective by profession. After fighting in World War 2 the protagonist of the novel settles in segregated Los Angeles and he is shown to be an individual who is haunted by his memories of the trauma of the war although he is fiercely proud of his home and overall achievement in life. The novel portrays the corrupt human existence and the degeneration that is gradually engulfing human beings and is turning them into robots that are channelized to attain monetary security, the more the better. The novel is narrated in first person narration which presents the readers with a myopic view of the whole situation i.e. the narrator Easy is the guide for the readers to understand the whole situation. ... This explanation about Albright might be true yet the readers do not have any evidence about this piece of information to be true or false because it is Easy’s personal point of view rather than an objective fact. However it cannot be denied that this form of narrative style establishes a close relation between the protagonist and the reader as it gives a chance for the audience to closely examine the protagonist’s actions and understand him well, as compared to rest of the characters who are introduced and described by the protagonist rather than an unbiased portrayal of every other character in the novel. The reader’s perception of Easy’s character can also be figuratively interpreted as the situation of majority of his fellow black men in real life i.e. his character is easily relatable to the hardships and problems that were faced by most of the American Blacks during and after World War 2 as it is stated in the novel, â€Å"I always tried to speak pr oper English in my life, the kind of English they taught in school, but I found over the years that I could only truly express myself in the natural, 'uneducated' dialect of my upbringing† (Mosley 10). It is such a common and heartfelt problem that has been faced by most of the Black Americans which not only makes such descriptions autobiographical but also help in forming a close bonding between the reader and the protagonist as Mosley rather than depicting farfetched or intangible ideas focusses on the mundane daily life of a black man and the problems he faced while growing up as well as an adult. At another place in the text it is stated, â€Å"A job in a factory is an awful lot like working on a plantation in the South. The bosses see all the

Data Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Data Analysis - Essay Example these variables in each institution, variables in clued job knowledge, communication and English skills, quality of work, cooperation, punctuality and attendance, productivity and initiative. All these variables are important to an organization and will determine the profitability and productivity of an organization, an organization that employs workers with required job knowledge, good communication skills and computer skills are much more likely to have competitive advantage over the others, also these organization will increase their productivity which means that less inputs will be needed in terms of labor hours top accomplish certain tasks, as a result the organization will tend to record higher profits. Using the data collected we use a scale to quantify this data and determine the institution that records higher values for each variable, the higher the value means that the institution is more efficient in providing these skills to their students. This information will help these institutions to improve on their weaknesses and also it will be important to employing organizations whereby they will be in a position to choose the best institution to undertake training. The first step was to prepare a questionnaire that would be appropriate in collecting required data, the aim of this study was to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each organization in training students, therefore the questionnaire had to include measures of the job knowledge, productivity, communication and other personal qualities. The questionnaire was pretested to rectify any biasness and when the questionnaires were ready they were given to the respondents. The population was then identified in order to determine the sample size. The population used in this study was the organizations whose training sites were the three training institutes which amounted to 37 organizations. A random sample of 50 respondents was selected from the organizations and questionnaires were emailed.

Protection of cultural industries in Europe Essay

Protection of cultural industries in Europe - Essay Example For instance, there is a difference in culture between Eastern and Western Europe; the languages spoken are a variety while there are over five religious groups that are predominant. The continent is actually said to have a fault line in culture in the countries that fall all across the continent of Europe. The industry is also commonly known by the name creative industry. This is a combination of the process of designing, producing, distributing of products either goods or services that have a cultural basis. The services and goods are normally covered by the rights on intellectual property. These industries among others include audio visual, cinema, the music industry and the craft industry. The creative industry is an essential industry in the creation of employment in Europe. It is estimated that an approximate number of 7 million people from Europe earn a living from this industry. The European people are themselves the source of cultural diversity as well as cultural identity. The industry has its basis on knowledge and heavily relies on human labor as well as creativity. The industry is particularly in Europe for fostering creativity and also nurturing innovation among the members of the society. Hennighan, Tom (1996). ... In the recent past, the cultural industry in Europe has incorporated the latest digital technology to enhance the quality of the products and services. In addition, there has been the drawing of policy on regulation of this industry at the international, regional and national levels. The deregulation in the industry has radically changed the context from which the flow of cultural services, goods and investments between countries takes place. The cultural industries have consequently gone through the process of progressive concentration and internalization which has resulted to the creation of just but very few conglomerates that are big .They are part of the global oligopoly. Dorland, Michael (2004). The recent trends in the cultural industry In the recent past, the creative industry has been growing at a very fast pace. Infact, in Europe, it is rated as one of the sectors of the economy with the fastest growth rate. The growth is attributed to the rapid dynamism in technology, growth the economy that is digital, the increased commercializing of all the intellectual property and the union of the media. Dorland, Michael (2004). All these factors and many others have enhanced the production, the distributing as well as the consumption and piracy of the goods and services produced by the cultural industry. The modern digital technology in communication and information sectors have completely lead to the revolutionalizing of this industry by improving the process of production so that it is of more quality, the channel of distributing the produced goods and services, the modes of consumption by the final consumer to he products. The availability of the technology at a low cost has made the diffusion of text, sound and image possible to

Jurisprudence Assignment Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Jurisprudence Assignment Question - Essay Example Antigone decided to defy the proclamation that her brother not be buried properly, and gave him a burial against the state's wishes. After this she was imprisoned and hanged herself in her prison (Sophocles). Natural Law According to Stoner (1992),1 the story of Antigone is one in which the individual is entitled to break the law. He cites Thomas Hobbes as distinguishing between right and law (ius and lex) – right being the basis for liberty and law being the basis for obligation. ... be seen as unjust if it does not accord with God’s laws.   6 Hobbes, according to Stoner (1992) also states that there are limits to the law, or, rather, that there are limits as to what an individual is expected to obey. Hobbes believes, essentially, that man has liberty to decide for himself what is right for himself as an individual – â€Å"the Liberty each man hath, to use his own power, as he will himselfe, for the perservation of his own Nature; that is to say own Life; and consequently, or doing anything, which in his own Judgement, and Reason, hee shall conceive to be the aptest means thereunto.†7 Finnis (2001) would concur in this analysis, stating that governmental laws are limited, in that they must recognize certain universal, God-given rights – such as the right not be murdered, raped, enslaved or lie-to. 8 Further, Stoner (1992) states that Hobbes’ philosophical underpinnings of the law is moral, as opposed to civil or political, as it is directed at the individual, and what is right for every individual, as opposed to the collective. The preservation of the individual is at the heart of the Hobbes’ philosophy. Hobbes’ philosophy, according to Stoner, does not even take the mores and customs of a community into account, because custom is not necessarily anchored to morality or liberty.9   In one thinks about this, it makes sense   - just as slavery was a custom, it clearly was in contravention to natural law or liberty, therefore, the custom of slavery is one that is built upon uncertain ground, like sand.   That said, according to Cornish & Clark (1989), Hobbes recognized that man’s nature was prone to violent destruction, so society must keep a check on the individualistic natures.10   Because natural law is inevitably based upon some

Argument Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Argument - Research Paper Example Camera phone is a type of cell phone which has the option of taking pictures (Goggin, 2012). Due to this initially it was considered a tool of intervening in to the privacy of others and therefore many countries banned its use especially in the public places. Later on due to the extensive useful effects of camera phone it was allowed. However, with the passage of time inventors developed such sophisticated built-in cameras that now people don’t know even that they have been photographed. Despite of the fact that majority of the people consider camera phone as a blessing, it has given rise to many problems that were previously not present and therefore today people believe that the use of camera phones should be constrained especially in gymnasiums and other similar places in order to ensure privacy and security of the public while on the other side there are individuals who believe that the camera phones should not be restricted at public places. Hence it leads to an argument which is not yet resolved. People who believe that camera phones does not create disturbance or infuriation in their private lives does not supports the idea of banning camera phone at public places rather they support the idea of using it at places such as gymnasiums. This is primarily due to the fact that camera phones provides an opportunity to capture the most lovable moments of one’s lives and also to share them with others via social networking websites (Goggin, 2012). The mischievous intentions of people can be controlled by the implementation of strict rules and regulations which aims to provide protection to general public. Banning camera phones would be a significant step in this regard. However, if the use of camera phones is not protected by the law then there are substantial chances that people who do not have mischievous intentions will also indulge into harming activities for the sake of fun only. It is the basic

America & Germany Essay Example for Free

America Germany Essay America never wanted to participate in World War 1, in fact in August 1914 when the war broke out in Europe; President Woodrow Wilson issued a declaration of neutrality. Preferring to remain isolated from the war, America tried to broker peace between the allies and the axis, the war was in Europe; America did not need to get involved. On May 7th 1915, German U-boats, patrolling in the Atlantic Ocean, fired torpedos at the British passenger ship Lusitania sinking her in 20 minutes. 128 Americans were killed. Woodrow Wilson, demanded that Germany stop attacking passenger ships, and declared that America was too proud to fight. Wilson also tried to mediate a compromise settlement but failed. He also repeatedly warned that America would not tolerate unrestricted submarine warfare, as it was in violation to American ideas of human rights. Wilson was under great pressure from former president Theodore Roosevelt, who denounced German piracy and Wilsons cowardice. In January 1917, Germany announced it would destroy all ships heading to Britain. Although Wilson broke off diplomatic ties with Germany, he still hoped to avert war by arming merchant vessels as a deterrent. Nevertheless, Germany began sinking American ships immediately. On February 1917, British intelligence gave the United States government a decoded telegram from Germanys foreign minister, Arthur Zimmerman that had been intercepted en route to his ambassador to Mexico. The Zimmerman Telegram authorized the ambassador to offer Mexico the portions of the Southwest it had lost to the United States in the 1840s if it joined the Central Powers. However, because Wilson had run for re-election in 1916 on a very popular promise to keep the United States out of the European war, he had to handle the telegram very carefully. Wilson did not publicize it at first, only releasing the message to the press in March after weeks of German attacks on American ships had turned public sentiment toward joining the Allies. Later, on 2 April 1917, Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war and four days later all but six senators and fifty representatives voted for a war resolution. The Selective Service Act that was passed the following month, along with an extraordinary number of volunteers, built up the army from less than 250,000 to four million over the course of the conflict. General John Pershing was appointed head of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) and led the first troops to France Then, on April 6th 1917, America declared war on Germany.

PESTLE analysis of Nike

PESTLE analysis of Nike Nike is a global brand specialising in the design and manufacture of athletic apparel, footwear, accessories and equipment; it is headquartered in the United States, Europe, and the Asia Pacific Region (Whitehead, 2012). Its products are available through over 20,000 retail outlets, including those in its own footfall outlets, e.g. Nike Factory stores (Whitehead, 2012). This study considers the contemporary business environment of Nike using a PESTLE approach, paying particular attention to any human resources management (HRM) issues that may arise under each heading. Overall, it is argued here that Nike has attempted to address various business and social challenges by harmonising its value proposition to ‘Consumers, shareholders, business partners, employees, and the community.’ (Ferrell et al. 2009, p.417). Political In the estimation of some observers, Nike has benefited considerably from the growth-orientated policies of the US government, which has maintained low interest rates, currency exchange stability, and internationally competitive tax arrangements (Whitehead, 2012). Nike has also benefited from cooperation with government initiatives in terms of transparency in the global value chain; one example of this lies in membership of the Clinton administration’s 1997 Apparel Industry Partnership (Wagner, 2009). As will be discussed further below, political pressures have featured more negatively in concerns over Nike’s employment practices (Whitehead, 2012). Economic In common with all consumer-facing organisations, Nike faced challenging trading conditions since the financial crises of 2008-9 and contingent economic slowdown; this has applied in both Western markets (such as the US) and the Asia-Pacific region (Whitehead, 2012). Conversely, Nike has used its established brand equity to take advantage of growing consumer demand in emerging economies (Whitehead, 2012). The corollary to this has been an expansion of Nike’s value chain in which it has also taken advantage of the lower wage rates paid in those economies (Whitehead, 2012). Nike has defended the contingent CSR critiques by arguing that it has provided employment in otherwise underdeveloped economies, and paid the established local rate for labour (Whitehead, 2012). In HRM terms, this implies a considerable divide between the higher-value strategic and design function retained in the US, and those in outsourced manufacturing (Davies, 2006). Social/Societal In the macro-economic sense, Nike (and its competitors in the sportswear sector) are the beneficiaries of a growing societal preoccupation with health and fitness (Davis, 1992). As Elliot and Percy (2007, p.52) indicate, ‘Brands can also be used to counter some of the threats to the self posed by post-modernity, such as fragmentation, loss of meaning and loss of individuality’. However, Nike also faces continuing challenges arising from its CSR (corporate social responsibility) position, chiefly related to the nature of its global value chain (Foster and Harney, 2005). Nike was caught up in the ongoing debate around globalisation, perceived by many pressure groups to be ‘Increasing the inequalities of political power and influence, as well as highlighting new dimensions of inequality’ (Hurrell and Woods, 1999, p.1). From the 1990s onwards, Nike adopted the standard industry practice of outsourcing much of its skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manufacturing to emerging economies, including those in the Asia Pacific region (Foster and Harney, 2005). Sweated labour (including that of children) was allegedly being used in a manner that contravened both local and international standards, as well as Nike’s stated CSR position (Foster and Harney, 2005). Moreover, the corporation’s compliance with requirements regarding pay and working conditions was brought under further scrutiny, when it emerged that the relevant workplace and HR records were not being properly maintained (Foster and Harney, 2005). In some circumstances, it was suggested that these lapses were achieved with the connivance of local officials (Foster and Harney, 2005). To counter these allegations, Nike began to incorporate greater transparency in its reporting, providing the locations of specific manufacturing facilities (Carter, 2005). In 1993 it published its Memorandum of Understanding, clarifying its expectations regarding the conduct of suppliers and subcontractors (Hadjikhani et al., 2012). The point here is that Nike has to avoid being caught up in consumer boycotts, especially where these can be globally popularised via the internet; as Goul Andersen and Tobiasen (2006, p.205) point out, ‘Within the framework of globalisation, political consumerism takes on a particular significance, sometimes providing the only opportunity to influence outcomes as trans-national companies are outside the regulatory powers of national governments’. In HRM terms, these kinds of lapses can also undermine employee confidence in leadership regarding CSR issues (Schwartz et al., 2012). Technology In common with most consumer-facing corporations, Nike has been able to use enhanced levels of digital metrics to analyse customer demand and revise its segmentation accordingly (Myerson, 2007). In the optimum model, transaction and supply chain event management are linked via SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) and MPPS (Massively Parallel Processor System) systems (Myerson 2007). Meanwhile consumers will be able to make contact-less payments via mobile phone platforms (Myerson, 2007). These processes may however accelerate the speeding-up of the hollowing-out of the workforce, reducing the amount of employment on offer (Davies, 2006). Legal Nikes growth strategies have relied on internationalisation and, correspondingly, the corporation has to adapt rapidly to the legal and policy frameworks in all of its trading areas (Legendre and Coderre, 2012). Countries with a common law legislative framework (i.e. the United Kingdom and United States tend to favour a less interventionist approach that supports the interests of shareholders. Meanwhile, states which have code-orientated legal systems (e.g. Germany, France and Spain), tend to acknowledge wider stakeholder interests (Legendre and Coderre, 2012). However, Nike has still faced legal difficulties in the course of its international expansion; following allegations of sweated labour, it closed some factories in Pakistan and moved its operations to Thailand and China (Grisini and Seppala 2010). However, the contingent unemployment led to difficulties with the Pakistani authorities, as well as criticism over the resulting unemployment (Grisini and Seppala 2010). As the Asia-American Free Labour Institute (AAFLI) has argued, ‘Nike’s strategy is to pit six factories against each other and have them compete for orders based on who produces the cheapest shoe. The government doesn’t protect the workers, the union is complacent, and Nike looks the other way’ (Hadjikhani et al., 2012, p.23). In 2003 Nike countered claims that it paid below the minimum wage in countries such as Indonesia, stating that it had paid, on average, ‘Double the minimum wage as defined in countries where its products are produced under contract. History shows that the best way out of poverty†¦is through exports of light manufactured goods that provide the base for more skilled production (Jennings, 2012, p.156). Nike was subsequently sued under California’s Unfair Competition and False Advertising laws, on the basis that its statements were false (Jennings, 2012). Following initial defeat and later appeals to the California Supreme Court, Nike settled privately with the plaintiff, prompting speculation that it had done so to avoid further damaging revelations (Jennings, 2012). Again, such crises can undermine the role that CSR has in harmonising the HRM effort across the organisation (Schwartz et al., 2012). Environmental In formal terms at least, Nike maintains a positive position with regard to green (i.e. environmental) issues, with ISO 14000-compliance presented as part of its overall policy (Gallagher and Weinthal, 2012). Launching its initial sustainability policy in the early 1990s, Nike appointed 100 ‘sustainability champions’ to oversee pilot projects in various aspects of its business, such as the reduction of carbon emissions and elimination of waste (Holt et al., 2009, p.4). As Willard (2002, p.80) explains, externalised costs, such as those arising from human resources, ‘Must be considered if the market’s â€Å"invisible hand† is to reconcile the basic conflict between making decisions based solely on short-term profit and making decisions based on social and environmental responsibility’. In HRM terms, the involvement of employees in the operation aspects of environmental policy is calculated to have a positive effect on both productivity, and the psychological contract of staff (Schwartz et al., 2012).

Cultural Differences in Midwifery Care

Cultural Differences in Midwifery Care Introduction The provision of holistic midwifery care is a fundamental role of the midwife (NMC, 2004). However, holistic care must encompass a wide range of practices, including care for the psychosocial and spiritual needs of the women and families within their caseload. One concept which arises within the general healthcare debate and within professional midwifery practice is the notion of cultural competence. This essay focuses on a critique of one article from the midwifery literature which addresses of the needs of one distinct religio-cultural group. Leishman (2004) demonstrates the complex nature of the provision of healthcare in a multi-cultural society. Inequalities exist in the provision of care to diverse ethnic and cultural groups (Salt, 1997). The article being critiqued addresses two issues – the provision of care to parents who have been bereaved, and specifically, the preferences, beliefs, behaviours and needs of one group of clients, those of the Muslim faith. It is publi shed in a midwifery journal and specifically deals with aspects of care which would come under the remit of the midwife within the UK, as specified by the NMC (2004). Discussion The title of the article is clear and simple, and defines the client group as religiously distinct (which also implies cultural distinction) and in a particular state of need due to bereavement. That the client group is defined as Islamic, however, does not take into account the different cultural and racial associations of those who practise Islam. A broad spectrum of cultures and races are associated with the Islamic, faith, suggesting that Islamic people are not a homogenous group. Conversely, it has also been argued that it is important to distinguish between culture (which has racial and religious overtones) and religion as a separate form of difference or identification (Eade, 1997). The failure of research on ethnic and racial or cultural lines to distinguish between religion and culture is notable (Eade, 1997), and it may be the intention of the authors of the critique article to ensure that the distinction is both clear and unequivocal. It may also be another example of the prioritisation of Islam over other social identities which is found so often in the literature (Eade, 1997). The authors further identify the group under consideration as those originating from migrants from the Indian Sub-Continent in the 1950s (Arshad et al, 2004). This group is limited to Asians (2nd and 3rd generation) originating directly or indirectly from this area (Arshad et al, 2004). Such a distinction may be important. Marks and Worboys (1997) discuss the fact that multiple meanings can be attached to the terminology surrounding discussions of culture and ethnicity, terms such as ‘migrant’ and also ‘minority.’ In order to attain cultural competence in the provision of healthcare, it is important to understand the distinctions between those terms utilised within the debate (Srivastava, 2007). Race is usually associated with biological, genetic and physical distinguishing characteristics (Srivastava, 2007). Ethnicity is associated with commonalities of birth, descent, kinship and cultural traditions (Srivastava, 2007). However, culture is harder to define, and includes racial, social, linguistic and other common patterns or characteristics within groups (Srivastava, 2007). This level of ambiguity within the debate does not help illuminate the current situation. By so clearly defining the focus of the client group in this article, the authors are claiming association with religious meaning (Islam) and racial and ethnic groupings (Asian, Indian Sub-Continent). They also support their focus with figures from the locality in question, thus establishing this group further as being of one predominant ethnic group, that of people of Pakistani origin (Arshad et al, 2004). This author can only question whether this adds to the understanding of the reader or further confuses the issue. The group are clearly defined, but what distinguishes them from other Muslims, or even from other ethnic groups from Asia, is not defined at all. Given the continued lack of understanding or awareness of cultural difference in the NHS in the UK (Le Var, 1998), further elucidating details might have been useful here. However, Cortis (2004) found that deficits exist in Registered Nurses knowledge about Pakistani patients in the United Kingdom, which might suggest that a greater understanding of this particularly group is necessary for all healthcare professionals. The Healthcare Commission (2006) found in their investigation of 10 maternal deaths in one hospital trust that women from minority ethnic groups are at higher risk of a pregnancy-related death. In this report, 9 out of the 10 women who died in the time period 2002 to 2005 were from minority ethnic groups, and seven out of these were from Asia (Healthcare Commission, 2006). This would suggest that the maternity care provided to women from these ethnic groups needs to be explored, evaluated and improved. This perhaps relates to the continued drive towards cultural competence in the healthcare services (Srivastava, 2007). It also suggests that there is a need for more specific information and evidence regarding distinct sub-groups within the ethnic mix of clients of the NHS. This article provides information, but its status as a form of evidence could be somewhat questionable. This is a descriptive article containing practical details for the maternity care professional to be able to provide culturally or religiously competent care for Muslims who experience the loss or death of a baby or fetus. Callister (2005) describes descriptive literature in this field as literature which identifies cultural practices to increase understanding of how nurses can more effectively provide culturally competent care for specific racial/ethnic and/or cultural groups of women and children. Establishing the client group’s distinctions early on, however, does not achieve much more than also establishing the authority of the authors in the writing of such an article, as it contains some references, but not as many as would be expected in a research-based article. There is no critical review of the literature, and very little critique or discussion, but rather a presentation of the (assumedly) accepted facts that relate to care for the family and dead infant. As such, th is is useful and informative, but the critical reader cannot but be aware of the lack of reliable evidence. The authority of the authors must be trusted here. Cortis (2003) suggests that culture furnishes the beliefs and values that give individuals a sense of identity, self-worth and belonging, as well as providing rules and guidelines or standards for behaviour. If we believe that culture is something commonly understood by those who share it (Srivastava, 2007), then it could be that a common understanding of Pakistani emigrant Muslim culture exists between the authors of the article, to such an extent that they fail to illuminate certain perhaps important details that would inform the general reader. This is a significant issue in the light of the continued debate about the nature and importance of culture in how people engage with healthcare services and each other. Recent views on culture, although not discarding the importance of a persons cultural inheritance of ideas, values, behaviour and practices, also acknowledge that culture can be affected dynamically by social transformation, social conflicts, power relationships and migrati on (Cortis, 2003). Yet there is no notion of that here, perhaps because the authors are dealing with the strictures of faith rather than culture. There is some statistical evidence of the rates of pregnancy loss infant death in the locality in question, but again, this is poorly related to the rest of the article and seems perhaps a token gesture towards relevance and importance of the information. Also, these statistics refer to White British, Pakistani and Other (Ashard et al, 2004), without making any further distinctions. Without such distinctions, the reader can only understand part of the picture. The ‘Other’ group might also contain people of the Muslim faith, as might the White British group. Again, the authors could have included more critical discussion here of ethnic mix. Some readers might consider that, having identified the group in question, the authors have gone far enough in setting the context of the paper. However, this author also feels that there is a degree of ambiguity in the presentation of this article. By distinguishing the client group to such a degree, it could be assumed that the customs, rites and beliefs referred to in the article are peculiar to this particular ethnic group who subscribe to the Muslim faith. However, it could also be that readers would assume that because the terms used in the article are more general, referring to Muslims as a religious group rather than making ethnic distinctions, these are guidelines to be applied to all Muslims. This ambiguity does not assist the reader in understanding how best to apply this information. Similarly, there is no real acknowledgement of the issue and dangers of stereotyping. Stereotyping has been described as a limiting and intellectually crude way of seeming to understand individuals (Schott and Henley, 1996). There is a tendency for people to stereotype those in groups that they do not belong to or know little about (Schott and Henley, 1996). Again, a critical reader could infer from this article that the authors have stereotyped the client group in question as being similar to all other Muslims. However, the article does raise some other issues which may not be explicit, including the importance and behaviours of family and friends in Islam during such a challenging time (Arshad et al, 2004). There is a clear undertone here that all Muslims behave in this manner because of their common faith. The article is referenced correctly but not very well referenced. Conversely, Leishman (2004) carries out a literature review which highlights some of the more topical issues surrounding the notion of culture and the needs of distinct diverse groups within the healthcare system. One issue that Lieshman (2004) raises is the fact that there is a need not only for health professionals to be aware of other cultures and belief systems, but also to be aware of their own. Addressing this issue, of understanding one’s own reaction to the beliefs and practices of others, might be raised in this article when discussing the practices and behaviours that are associated with Muslim clients following the death of a baby. This would be a useful and relevant practice point for midwives and other healthcare professionals to consider. Another point raised by Lieshman’s (2004) literature review is the need to take into account the past and experiences of ethnic groups, particularly those who, for example, have entered this country as asylum seekers. Similar issues have been raised by other literature (Maternity Alliance, 2004). The group in the critique article are not asylum seekers, but their parents, grandparents, family and friends may be, and the experiences and shared realities may affect their relationship with healthcare services and professionals. Such a potential is highlighted by a report by the Maternity Alliance (Maternity Alliance, 2004). Discounting this issue leaves out the level of detail midwives may require to fully understand and respond to the needs of diverse ‘minority’ groups, perhaps even promoting stereotyping rather than combating it. Thus it can be seen that another author, utilising a more critical and academic approach to the topic, can provide more of a discursive u nderstanding of relevant issues. Similarly, Callister (2005) reviews the literature on cultural competence in the care of women and children, and draws conclusions about the nature of that literature. Through this detailed examination the author is able to define and suggest potential outcomes for clinical care, for education of the professionals who deliver that care and for nursing research to properly explore the most important issues (Callister, 2005). Again, this article misses important opportunities to link the issues of concern to the current literature and to opportunities to develop better practice through educational development and research. For example, Callister (2005) suggests that studies are needed exploring organisational and work environment issues to better promote cultural competence. Simply being conversant with the basics of Islamic beliefs and practices surrounding death is not enough to promote true sensitivity and individualised care. Cultural sensitivity has been described as the attitudes, values, beliefs and personal insight of healthcare providers (Doorenbos et al, 2005). Such sensitivity involves acknowledgement of personal heritage and beliefs, openness to otherness, and respect for the complex ways in which cultural issues influence every aspect of healthcare (Doorenbos et al, 2005). However, the Arshad et al, (2004) article does not deal with the challenges of promoting cultural sensitivity, not does it distinguish between the different kinds of knowledge, understanding and skills necessary to provide care for this client group in these circumstances. A thorough, critical literature review, especially perhaps of any research or case studies that might illuminate the issues, would have considerably enhanced the paper. Doorenbos et al (2005) highlight and discuss existing models of cultural competence within healthcare, and evaluate one of the models used to assess one cultural competence assessment instrument. Application of such models to the situations described by Arshad et al (2004) might also have enhanced the quality of their argument and elevated their paper into the realms of evidence for practice rather than information for practice. Doorenbos et al (2005) describe cultural competence of healthcare providers as being central to the healthcare system’s ability to provide access to and provision of high-quality healthcare services, and link it to the drive to reduce health disparities. Srivastava (2007) links cultural competence to respect, knowledge and skills, and the ability to use them effectively in cross-cultural care situations. Some discussion of cultural competence in the Arshad et al (2004) article might also have perhaps allowed a more critical awareness of the subject. The conclusions the authors draw are that individuals have unique responses to grief and loss, regardless of religious background or belief systems (Arshad et al, 2004). This is no innovative or surprising finding, but the fact that they make no other conclusions is surprising. They also conclude that the resulting distress is often overwhelming (Arshad et al, 2004), another generalisation which is not new and does not really add anything to the debate. These conclusions do not really relate to the rest of the article, which is chiefly concerned with describing the beliefs and practices of Muslim people around the death of a child (Arshad et al, 2004). They also highlight that health professionals may not feel properly equipped or be well enough informed to support families of different faiths at such a time (Arshad et al, 2004). This is a fact well established by a range of other literature within healthcare and within midwifery (Srivastava, 2007; Marks and Worboys, 1997; Schott and Henley, 1996). The recommendations which are given are similarly brief and somewhat vague. Arshad et al (2004) suggest that an insight into religious beliefs and practices can only be beneficial when delivering care in the field of loss and bereavement. This is a rather sweeping statement, because while they do take into account the need to avoid generalisation, they have in fact generalised throughout the article and failed to provide any critical evaluation or insight into, for example, the differences in culture, race, background and practices that may exist between people who nevertheless subscribe to Islam. However, this may be this author’s own ethnocentrism surfacing – it could be that the expression of Islamic faith is universal and changes little between ethnic, racial or cultural groups. This article might be simply stemming from such a simple fact. The Maternity Alliance (2004) found that serious inequalities still exist in the provision of maternity care to women from minority ethnic groups, especially women who were asylum seekers. There is a need for more investigation of the reasons why staff are still improperly equipped to provide the highest standard of individualised care free of bias, prejudice or stereotyping. There is also a need to investigate the reasons for continued inequalities in access to and experience of healthcare, and any possible links between the two. There are a number of implications for midwifery practice, though these are not as explicitly stated within the article as they could be. The main and most useful implication is the need to provide correct and sensitive care for Muslim clients when they experience pregnancy loss or the death of an infant. This article is ideal to use to inform midwives of this. Other implications for midwifery practice are inherent in the article, and include, for example, implications for the practicalities of care provision in often busy maternity units within the NHS. The placing of the body so that it is facing Mecca, for example, is an important consideration for midwives who are usually the professionals who prepare the body of an infant or fetus following death. Another consideration is the fact that the whole of the body including the placenta and umbilical cord, should be buried (Arshad et al, 2004). It would be easy for a midwife to cause significant distress to a family by following usual hospital protocol for disposal of placenta, membranes and cord. There may also be issues of health and safety to be considered in the storage and transport of these tissues. If a midwife was aware of these particular religious practices, she might be able to discuss them with the client at an appropriate time and ensure that all their needs are met. Cortis (2003) suggests that nurses should appreciate how the domains of culture need to be used for data collection to identify specific cultural needs. It is through this process that important domains health beliefs, communication, spirituality, death and dying distinguish the needs of patients (Cortis, 2003). Cultural assessment also offers midwives and other healthcare professionals the opportunity for identifying potential differences between theirs and their patients’ value systems (Cortis, 2003). Chenowethm et al (2006) describes the common clash between healthcare professional’s perceptions of the professional responsibility to deliver care in a particular way, and the patient’s view of how they wish to be cared for. Such clashes are somewhat inevitable, but if anything can help t o overcome them or minimise them, it can only be of benefit to the midwifery profession. Chenowethm et al (2006) suggest one way to ensure cultural sensitivity is to access community resources appropriate to the cultural or ethnic group under consideration. This issue, however is not explicitly addressed in the Arshad et al (2004) article. More general issues for midwifery are those which apply to the broader, clinical governance spectrum of the maternity services as part of the healthcare services. The Department of Health (2007) in its operating framework for 2007-08 lay out core principles for the provision of care in the NHS. These include individualised care, partnership working, respecting dignity, reducing inequality and providing access to all based on need (DOH, 2007). Such a vision is nothing new, but does once again remind midwives of the need to provide both culturally sensitive and appropriate services. The information in this article may contribute to the development of such services, but it is the opinion of this author that it is still inadequate in addressing the complexity of the issues. However, Arshad et al (2007) do not address a range of other issues which can be found in the literature. For example, Park et al (2007) state that recruitment and retention efforts for non-white midwives, regular edu cation for cultural competence of midwives, and provision of culturally and linguistically appropriate care for women from ethnic minorities should be considered in future provision of maternity services. Neile (1995) also pinpoints education as important in supporting midwives gain a realistic insight into how the needs of the multiracial community may be met. There appears to be a need for a comprehensive programme of multicultural education for all midwifery professionals (Neile, 1996), a view which is echoed by Campinha-Bacote (2006) and Brathwaite and Majumdar (2006). If the Arshad et al (2004) article more directly targeted itself at professional education, it might have greater impact on the improvement of services. The Arshad et al (2004) article was published in the British Journal of Midwifery, which claims to be the leading clinical journal for midwives (BJM, 2007). This is well known as the pre-eminent peer-reviewed Journal for midwives in the United Kingdom, and the editorial board contains a range of the most senior and well respected midwives and midwifery academics in the country (BJM, 2007). The article is available by subscription online and in print, and is available in most Universities and Trust libraries. Contents, discussions and abstracts can also be found online, making this very accessible. This would give the article a degree of weight and authority, and as the BJM has such a large distribution – national and international – this adds further authority to the article. The writers themselves appear well qualified to write an article on this topic, in that it is written by two Muslim chaplains (one of whom is an Imam) and one bereavement support midwife. Thus the reader would be more inclined to accept and use their assertions in practice. This may explain why such a respected, peer-reviewed journal has accepted an article which is not related to research or a literature review. The authors do not appear to have published in other peer-reviewed journals but have contributed to the development of Trust policies and publications locally (Bradford NHS Trust, 2007). The rationale for the article seems sound. Arshad et al (2004) suggest that supporting parents who are bereaved following pregnancy loss can be complicated by a lack of knowledge and understanding of specific spiritual needs, leaving professionals feeling helpless and families feeling dissatisfied. The purpose, therefore, of their article is to provide information to address this issue (Arshad et al, 2004). This proposal seems reasonable and even necessary, given the need for improved understanding, knowledge, awareness and attitudes highlighted by the literature (Srivastava, 2007; Marks and Worboys, 1997; Schott and Henley, 1996). Cortis (2004) highlights the fact that there is a continued need for research into multi-cultural aspects of care. Through one research study, Cortis (2004) also identifies the danger of ethnocentrism in the health services, suggesting that it may contribute to racism, as ethnocentric practice fails to recognize significant cultural differences and their importance for the people concerned. If this is true, then such an article, informative and descriptive in nature, may contribute to the quality of care by informing those with ethnocentric tendencies of important details relating to this client group. However, in the provision of individualised care, this article may not supply the level of critical detail that the truly client-centred midwife would need to fully enhance their practice in this area. They also claim that the rituals and beliefs of Islam in these circumstances are complex and may appear strange to the uninitiated (Arshad et al, 2004). Conclusion As has been demonstrated, this article provides a descriptive, factual picture of the beliefs, practices and behaviours that Muslims experiencing pregnancy loss or infant death might display. It is of some use to midwives in an informative manner, but also does not seem to address the complex and challenging nature of the provision of care to a range of clients whose only common factor may be their Islamic faith. It does not address the issue of evidence-based care, and fails to engage in any real critique of the evidence base, literature or debate which does exist around this topic. It also fails to highlight some key terms of the current debate, including notions of cultural competence and cultural sensitivity, to any great degree. There are a range of issues which could have been highlighted such as education, communication and immigration. However, any truly client-centred midwife can only conclude that the information itself is vital to the provision of midwifery care to such cl ients and it also serves to highlight the notion of the great differences that exist in responses to and behaviours around pregnancy bereavement within different racial, ethnic and religious groups in society. Any such article has a place in the drive to improve care standards and quality, and should be incorporated into client-centred care. References Arshad, M., Horsfall, A., Yasin, R. () ‘Pregnancy loss- the Islamic perspective.’ British Journal of Midwifery 12 (8) 481-484. Bradford NHS Trust (2007) www.meded.bradfordhospitals.nhs.uk/DesktopModules/ViewDocument.aspx? Brathwaite, A.C. Majumdar, B. (2006) ‘Evaluation of a cultural competence educational programme.’ Journal of Advanced Nursing 53 (4) 470–479. British Journal of Midwifery (2007) http://www.britishjournalofmidwifery.com/ Accessed 6-5-07 Callister, L.C. () ‘What has the literature taught us about culturally competent care of women and children?’. Maternal Child Nursing 30 (6) 380-388. Campinha-Bacote, J. (2006) ‘Cultural competence in nursing curricula: how are we doing 20 years later?’ Journal of Nursing Education. 45(7) 243-4. Chenowethm, L., Jeony, H., Goff, M. Burke, C. (2006) ‘Cultural competency and nursing care: an Australian perspective. International Nursing Review 53 24-40. Cortis, J.D. (2004) ‘Meeting the needs of minority ethnic patients.’ Journal of Advanced Nursing . 48(1) 51-58. Cortis, J.D. (2003) ‘Managing societys difference and diversity’ Nursing Standard 18(14-15-16) 33-39. Dennis, S. (2004) ‘Transcultural nursing resources’ Nursing Standard 19(6) 25 Department of Health (2007) The NHS in England: the operating framework for 2007-08’ http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Consultations/Liveconsultations/DH_064732 Dimond, B. (2002) ‘Race relations and the law.’ British Journal of Midwifery 10 (9) 580-583. Doorenbos, A.Z., Schim, S.M., Benkert, R. and Borse, N.N. (2005) ‘Psychometric Evaluation of the Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument Among Healthcare Providers.’ Nursing Research 54 (5) 324-331 Eade, J. (1997) ‘The power of the experts: the plurality of beliefs and practices concerning health and illness among Bangladeshis in contemporary Tower Hamlets, London.’ In: Marks, L. Worboys, M. (1997) Migrants, Minorities and Health: historical and contemporary studies London: Routledge. Healthcare Commission (2006) Investigation into 10 maternal deaths at, or following delivery at, Northwick Park Hospital, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, between April 2002 and April 2005. www.healthcarecommission.org.uk/_db/_documents/Northwick_tagged.pdf -. Accessed 6-5-07. Le Var, R.M. (1998) ‘Improving educational preparation for transcultural health care.’ Nurse Education Today. 18(7) 519-33 Lieshman, J. (2004) ‘Perspectives of cultural competence in health care. Nurisng Stanard. 19 (11) 33-38. Marks, L. Worboys, M. (1997) Migrants, Minorities and Health: historical and contemporary studies London: Routledge. Neale, E. (1996) ‘Investigating midwifery education in a multiracial and multicultural society.’ In: The art and science of midwifery gives birth to a better future. Proceedings of the International Confederation of Midwives 24th Triennial Congress, 26-31 May 1996, Oslo. London: International Confederation of Midwives. 1996, pp 171-175. Neale, E. (1995) ‘The maternity needs of the Chinese community.’ Nursing Times 1 (4) 34-35. Papadopoulos, I., Tilki, M. and Lees, S. (2004) Promoting cultural competence in healthcare through a research-based intervention in the UK. Diversity in Health Social Care. 1(2). Park, J-H., Vincent, D. and Hastings-Tolsma, M. (2007) ‘Disparity in prenatal care among women of colour in the USA.’ Midwifery 23 (1) 28-37. Salt, K. (1996) ‘African-American midwifery: past, present and future.’ Midwifery Today 38 25-27. Schott, J. Henley, A. (1996) Culture, Religion and Childbearing in a Multiracial Society: A handbook for health professionals Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Srivastava, R.H. (2007) The Healthcare Professional’s Guide to Clinical Cultural competence Toronto: Mosby Elsevier. Weller, P., Feldman, A. and Purdam, K. (2001) Religious Discrimination in England and Wales: Home office Research Study 220. London: Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate.

Implications of Internet Censorship Essay -- Critical Thinking Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract:   This paper deals with the ethical and social implications inherent in filtering content online.   As exposure to the Internet penetrates deeper into mainstream lives across all demographic groups, there has been increased concern about the ability of children to obtain access to printed and graphic material believed to be detrimental to their development and/or well-being.   Not only could this material be argued to be damaging, it could possibly lead children to act violently or maliciously towards others.   Proponents of filtering objectionable content argue that through such means society will be able to utilize the power of the Internet to acquire information, while still adhering to certain community values regarding the welfare of children.   Numerous critics of this argument claim that by filtering Internet content, society would be crippling individuals' right to use the power of the Internet for free-speech.   They argue that not only will unregulated speech be discouraged, but that the means for filtering are themselves inherently imperfect, often restricting worthwhile content from reputable queries. While not a complete solution to the dilemma, perhaps enforcing an instituted rating system on web pages might be an effective means for working past the unpredictable nature of content filters.    Just one decade ago few could have envisioned a world where scientists, business professionals, media agencies, activist groups, and children all over the globe would have access to equal common material via an online medium.   Originally started as a small interconnected network for government agencies, educational institutions, and computer researchers to trade information, the Internet has permeated the daily ... ...n Law Firm, http://www.fmew.com/archive/censor/.    The Internet Police. http://www.internet-police.co.uk/aims.html.    "Information about Labeling and Rating Systems". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. http://www.mit.edu/activities/safe/labeling/summary.html. "Communications Decency Act," Yahoo!. http://dir.yahoo.com/Society_and_Culture/Issues_and_Causes/Civil_Rights/Censorship/Internet_Censorship/Communications_Decency_Act/. Communications DecencyAmendment (full text of final language passed by the u.s. senate on June 14, 1995). http://www.prognet.com/contentp/rabest/thebill.html. "Internet Indecency and Communications Decency Act," University of Texas. http://www.gslis.utexas.edu/~cjyoung/. "Net filters strain to block sites," cnetNews.com, http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1005-200-4833800.html?tag=st.cn.1.lthd

Comparing Feminism in Frankenstein and Dracula :: comparison compare contrast essays

Throughout the texts we have read in English thus far have been feminist issues. Such issues range from how the author published the book to direct, open statements concerning feminist matters. The different ways to present feminist issues is even directly spoken of in one of the essays we read and discussed. The less obvious of these feminist critiques is found buried within the texts, however, and must be read carefully to understand their full meaning- or to even see them. Mary Shelley's anonymous publishing of her very powerful Frankenstein is a fine example of feminism found in society. Many have criticized her for allowing her husband, Percy Shelley, to edit her work. The society of her day has also received much negative criticism for not allowing her to publish her works with her name directly attached, by non-verbally agreeing they would not buy the works of a woman. For they believed that a woman's work could not live up to the superiority of a man's. Societal disapproval of women taking on roles outside of the home are surprisingly found also within her book. A person can easily see evidence of this, as Walton's sister Margaret is addressed only in letters, with no mention of any accomplishments with the exception of staying home and "being there" for Walton. Elizabeth herself didn't leave home to go on trips, not even when her "dearest Victor" was in the darkest of his troubles. It was not Elizabeth who went to comfort her fiance, she instead remained at home to care for the household affairs. This was no doubt a better place for her, as the society of the times demanded Mary Shelley to agree so that her literature would be sold. Johanna Smith spoke directly of feminism in several cultures, highlighting on French, British, and American cultures. She spoke of language and politics as they related to feminism. Another woman who directly spoke of feminism was Simone de Beauvoir. Her works highly criticized the way society, particularly men, worked women to a ragged condition. In retrospect, Smith analyzed cultural feminism, while Beauvoir attacked societal feminism. Bram Stoker craftily allows women to take charge, though at times he allows them to seem pitiful creatures in need of male protection and care. Through the word "journal" in reference to Mina's writings, Stoker allows her to be equal with her male companions. She is also put on the level by being allowed to travel and be an active part of their discussions and works.

Arthur Conan Doyle :: essays research papers

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was more than just an author. He was a knight, a soldier, a spiritualist, a whaler, a doctor, a journalist, and most of all, he was adventurous. He was not the quiet type of person, so he enjoyed expressing himself. Arthur Conan Doyle was born on the 22nd of May 1859 in Picardy Place, Edinburgh. The second child of Charles Altamont and Mary Foley, he was thought t have been named after the legendary medieval king, Arthur, of the Round Table. Doyle was also named after his granduncle, Michael Edward Conan. He was a descendant of the Irish, and was of the Roman Catholic religion. Doyle had a grandfather, John Doyle. He was political cartoonist, who, financially supported the family.1 Doyle had a pretty rough home life because his father was an alcoholic. As he grew up, Doyle had to take more of the responsibilities around the house into his own hands, because his father was either too sick or drunk to fulfill his daily work at home. Doyle's mother, Mary Foley, wa s a homemaker who took care of her son Arthur and his brothers and sisters, and also worked and cleaned the house everyday.2 Doyle's early education started when he was about seven years old. His mother spent lots of time reading with him and tutoring him, because this is what she thought he needed to become a cultured gentleman. When Doyle was ten years old he left home and went to the Jesuit Preparatory school named Hodder House. This was a boarding school for young boys. Arthur hated this school. Doyle once stated that Hodder House "was a little more pleasant than being confined in a prison." While attending Hodder House, he studied chemistry, poetry, geometry, arithmetic, and grammar. After his experiences at Jesuit Preparatory school, he left and applied for Stonyhurst Academy. Doyle was accepted for enrollment into Stonyhurst and remained there for about five more years. While at Stonyhurst, Doyle, who excelled in cricket, demonstrated some very early signs of litera ry talent. At the academy, he became quite good at telling stories and reading aloud.3 Doyle started reading his old favorite books from his childhood. His favorite childhood writer was Mayne Reid, who wrote The Scalp Hunters. This was his favorite book while he was progressing through life.4 During his last year before attending medical school, Doyle went to Feldkirch, a school in Austria.

Accounting for Decistion Makers Essay

The Question: Charlie and Maribelle Brown have owned and operated a retail furniture store for more than 20 years. They have employed an independent CPA during this time to prepare various sales tax, payroll tax, and income tax returns, as well as financial statements for themselves and the bank from which they have borrowed money from time to time. They are considering selling the store but are uncertain about how to establish an asking price. Prepare a brief written answer (no more than a couple of paragraphs) about what type of information is likely to be included in the material prepared by the CPA that may help the Browns establish an asking price for the store. Assignment #1 Reviewing the past and present financial statements prepared by their CPA, would allow the Browns to trend historical data such as cash flow and cost of operations. This, coupled with the current and projected economic climate as well as current and projected cost of living, would help the Browns to understand how much they spend to keep their business running as well as how much they’ve profited over time. Although the information provided in the financial statements is not a concrete indicator, it is a good gauge of how the Browns’ business will perform in the future. Unless major economic changes or other unforeseen circumstances occur, historical performance often tends to remain constant. The Browns would be able to use most of the information provided by their CPA to determine a fair asking price for their retail furniture store.

Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 35

35BAD GUYS, replete(p) GUYSRachel was drawing figures in the dirt of the weaken floor with a dagger when she hear up chastise ab incur come to the fore of the closetthing flutter by her ear.What was that?A bat, run across verbalise. He was invisible.We argon emerge of summateher, Rachel said. im flagge on them turn pop disclose font.Effrom, A opusda, and jenny ass were sitting with their hold ups against the hollow w completely, laced hand and foot, and gagged.I dont k this instant wherefore we couldnt wear waited at your cabin, puss said.I surrender my causalitys. Help me stick nearly them revealside, now.Youre panicky of bats? turn certify asked. no I plainly feel that this ritual should vex enjoin in the open, Rachel insisted.If you adjudge a paradox with bats, youre exhalation to love it when you set me.A quarter mile buck the r starte from the cave, Augustus dowse, Travis, and Gian chick Gian were waiting for Howard and Robert to arrive.D o you cypher we mint pull this dispatch? Travis asked seawater. wherefore ask me? I know slight closely this than the two of you. Whether we pull it bump off depends mostly on your powers of persuasion.Can we go oer it again? saltwater go completely oer his capriole along. Lets wait for Robert and Howard. We lock in ca-ca a some minutes. And I dont forecast that it bequeath hurt to be a undersized late. As far as snaffle and Rachel be c at unity timerned, you be the solo enlivened in t stimulate.Just and and hence they hear a car fling off-shifting and dour to seem Howards old black Jag spell onto the dirt passageway. Howard correct shadow seawaters transport. He and Robert got out and Robert feeded into the affirm endue and began handing things to souse and Travis a photographic photographic camera bag, a heavy-duty tripod, a recollective aluminum genus Lens case, and finally, a hunt club locomote with a scope. soak did non issuance the rifle from Robert.Whats that for?Robert s besidesd up, rifle in hand. If it looks equal it isnt sacking to melt mess, we riding habit it to take out Rachel in the beginning she modernizes power oer take c are.What exit that accomplish? dowse asked.It willinging book Travis in control of the funny farmer.No, Travis said. iodin style or a nonher it ends here, tho we dont shoot any(prenominal) unmatchable. Were here to end the tick the better ofing, non add to it. Whos to say that Rachel wont rescue to a heavy(p)er extent(prenominal) control over enrapture than I do? scantily now she doesnt know what she is get into. You said that yourself.If she gets power over turn turn over, he has to make out her, just like he told me. At least I will be free of him.And Jenny will be dead, Robert spat.Augustus dowse said, The rifle sash in the car. We are termination to do this on the assumption that it will work, period. normally Id say that if any sensation wants out, they rotter go now, more(prenominal)over the fact is, we all have to be here for it to work. brine looked to the highest degree the group. They were waiting. Well, are we handout to do this?Robert threw the rifle into the impaleseat of the car. Lets do it, then.Good, seawater said. Travis, you have to get them out of the cave and into the open. You have to hold the conjuration up presbyopic enough for Robert to get a picture, and you have to get the candlesticks back to us, preferably by sending them garbage pot the knollock with Jenny and the Elliotts.Theyll neer go for that. Without the hostages, why should I translate the plea?Then hold it as a condition. Play it the outstrip you can. Maybe you can get genius of them down.If I induct the candlesticks a condition, theyll be suspicious.Shit, Robert said. This isnt going to work. I dont know why I fantasy it would.Through the whole discussion the Djinn had remained in the background. in force(p) remo te he stepped into the circle. extend them what they want. at a clock cartridge clip the woman has control of snap bean, they will have no subscribe to to be suspicious. besides pay off will kill the hostages, and likely all of us, Travis said.Wait a minute, Robert said. Where is Rachels vanguard?What does that have to do with anything? seawater said.Well, they didnt walk of life here with hostages in tow. And the van isnt positi peerlessd here. That room that her van must be up by the cave.So? Travis said.So, it means that if we have to storm them, we can go in Guss motortruck. The course must take afterward out of the woods and loop virtually the hummock to the caves. We already have the discer, so the illusion can be contend back fast. Gus can drive up the hill, Travis can throw the candlesticks into the truck, and all Gus has to do is hit the walkaway tranquilizeton.They considered it for a min, then seawater said, Everyone in the bed of the truck. We p ark it in the woods as squiffy to the caves as we can without it being seen. Its the c miss-hauled thing to a plan that we have.On the grassy hill outside the cave Rachel said, Hes late.Lets kill one of them, the colossus said.Jenny and her grandparents sat on the ground, back to back. at a time this ritual is over, I wont have you talk like that, Rachel said.Yes, mistress, I yearn for your guidance.Rachel paced the hill, make an effort not to look at her hostages. What if Travis doesnt come?Hell come, gizmo said.I think I hear a car. Rachel watched the item where the road emerged from the woods. When nothing came, she said, What if youre premature? What if he doesnt come? in that respect he is, convey said.Rachel turned to see Travis walking out of the woods and up the gentle monger toward them.Robert screwed the tripod into the socket of the telephoto lens, tested its steadiness, then fitted the camera body on the back of the lens and turned it until it clicked into plac e. From the camera bag at his feet he in any casek a pack of Polaroid subscribe and snapped it into the bottom of the Nikons back.Ive never seen a camera like that, said Augustus Brine.Robert was focusing the long lens. The cameras a regular thirty- fin millimeter. I bought the Polaroid back for it to preview results in the studio. I never got around to using it.Howard Phillips stood poised with notebook in hand and a fountain pen at ready. cross out the batteries in that recorder, Robert said to Brine. thither are some fresh ones in my camera bag if you look at them.Gian chick Gian was craning his pet to see over the undergrowth into the clear where Travis stood. What is happening? I cannot see what is happening.postal code yet, Brine said. Are you set, Robert?Im ready, Robert said without smell up from the camera. Im filling the frame with Rachels face. The diploma should be easily readable. Are you ready, Howard? trivial of the unlikely possibility that I whitethorn be stricken with writers cramp at the crucial moment, I am prepared.Brine snapped four penlight batteries into the recorder and tested the mechanism. Its up to Travis now, he said.Travis drop deadped halfway up the hill. Okay, Im here. Let them go and Ill translate the illusion for you.I dont think so, Rachel said. Once the ritual has been performed and Im sure it has worked, then you can all go free.You dont have any creative thinker what youre talking roughly. stumble will kill us all.I dont believe you. The cosmos nitty-gritty will be in my control, and I wont allow it.Travis laughed sarcastically. You havent even seen him, have you? What do you think you have there, the easterly Bunny? He kills people. Thats the reason hes here.I electrostatic dont believe you. Rachel was beginning to lose her resolve.Travis watched get down pop off to where the hostages were tied. Come, do it now, Travis, or the old woman dies. He increase a clawed hand over Amandas pass.Travis trudge d up the hill and stood in effort of Rachel. Very quietly her said to her, You know, you deserve what you are going to get. I never musical theme I could wish Catch on anyone, besides you deserve it. He looked at Jenny, and her eyes pleaded for an explanation. He looked away. take hold me the invocation, he said to Rachel. I look forward to you brought a pencil and topic. I cant do this from memory.Rachel seduceed into an publiciseline business bag that she had brought and pulled out the candlesticks. bingle at a time she unscrewed them and outside the invocations, then replaced the pieces in the airline bag. She pass on Travis the parchments. honk the candlesticks over by Jenny, he said.Why? Rachel asked.Because the ritual wont work if they are too close to the parchments. In fact, youd be better off if you untied them and direct them away with the candlesticks. Get them out of the theater altogether. The lie seemed so straightforward that Travis feared he had ruine d everything by putting too much importance on the candlesticks.Rachel stared at him, essay to make sense of it. I dont understand, she said.Neither do I, Travis said. still this is hugger-mugger stuff. You cant prescribe me that pickings hostages so you can call up a fanatic is consistent with the logical world.Earth spirit Not fiend. And I will use this power for practiced.Travis considered trying to convince her of her folly, then decided against it. The lives of Jenny and the Elliotts depended on Catch maintaining his charade as a benevolent Earth spirit until it was too late. He glared at the demon, who grinned back.Well? Travis said.Rachel picked up the airline bag and took it to a spot a few feet down the hill from the hostages.No. Farther away, Travis said.She slung the bag over her get up and took it another twenty yards down the hill, then turned to Travis for approval.What is this about? Catch asked.Travis, numb to push his luck, nodded to Rachel and she set th e bag down. straight the candlesticks were twenty yards closer to the road that ran around the back of the hill the road that Augustus Brine would drive when the shit hit the fan.Rachel returned to the hilltop.Ill need that pencil and paper now, he said.Its in the bag. Rachel went back toward the bag.While she was retrieving the pencil and paper from the airline bag, Travis held the parchments out to begin with him, one at a time, counting to sise before he put the number onely-year one down and picked up the next. He hoped he had the angle to Roberts camera right and that his body was not in the way of the lens.Here. Rachel transfer him a pencil and a steno drift.Travis sat down cross-legged with the parchments out in front of him. Sit down and relax, this is going to take some time.He started on the parchment from the second candlestick, hoping to subvert some time. He translated the Greek earn by letter, searching his memory first for each letter, then for the meani ng of the paroles. By the time he finaleed the first line, he had fallen into a bicycle and had to make an effort to slow down. get hold of what he has written, Catch said.But hes just done one line- Rachel said.Read it.Rachel took the steno pad from Travis and read, Being in possession of the military force of Solomon I call upon the race that walked before man She check markped. Thats all there is.Its the wrong paper, Catch said. Travis, translate the other one. If its not right this time, the girl dies.Thats the farthest time I buy you a cooky Monster comic book, you scaly fucker.reluctantly Travis shuffled the parchments and began to translate the invocation he had communicate in Saint Anthonys chapel 70 years before.Howard Phillips had two Polaroid prints out on the ground before him. He was write a translation out on a notepad while Augustus Brine and Gian hen Gian looked over his shoulder. Robert was looking by dint of the camera.Theyve make him change parchments. He must have been translating the wrong one.Brine said, Howard, are you translating the one we need?I am not sure yet. Ive only translated a few lines of the Greek. This Latin passage at the top appears to be a message quite than an invocation.Cant you just scan it? We dont have time for mistakes.Howard read what he had written. No, this is wrong. He bust the sheet from the notepad and began again, concentrating on the other Polaroid. This one seems to have two shorter invocations. The first one seems to be the one that empowers the Djinn. It talks about a race that walked before man.That is right. say the one with two invocations, the Djinn said.Hurry, Robert said, Travis has half a page. Gus, Im going to ride up the hill in the bed of the truck when you go. Ill limit out and grab the bag with the candlesticks. Theyre still a good thirty yards from the road and I can move swift than you can.Im finished, Howard said. He handed his notebook to Brine. interpret it at normal spee d, Robert said. Then play it back at high speed.Brine held the recorder up to his face, his finger on the record exclusivelyton. Gian Hen Gian, is this going to work? I mean is a joint on a tape going to have the same effect as speaking the speech?It would be best to assume that it will.You mean you dont know?How would I know?Swell, Brine said. He pushed the record button and read Howards translation into the recorder. When he finished, he rewound the tape and said, Okay, lets go.Police Dont anyone moveThey turned to see Rivera standing(a) in the road behind them, his.38 in hand, panning back and forth to cover them. Everybody down on the ground, facedown.They stood frozen in position.On the ground, now Rivera cocked his revolver.Officer, there must be a mistake, Brine said, feeling stupid as he said it.DownReluctantly, Brine, Robert, and Howard lay facedown on the ground. Gian Hen Gian remained standing, cursing in Arabic. Riveras eyes widened as blue swirls appeared in the air over the Djinns genius.Stop that, Rivera said.The Djinn disregard him and march ond cursing.On your belly, you little fucker.Robert pushed himself up on his arms and looked around. Whats this about, Rivera? We were just out here taking some pictures.Yeah, and thats why you have a high-powered rifle in your car.Thats nothing, Robert said.I dont know what it is, but its more than nothing. And none of you are going anywhere until I get some answers.Youre making a mistake, Officer, Brine said. If we dont continue with what we were doing, people are going to die.First, its Sergeant. Second, Im getting to be a master at making mistakes, so one more is no big deal. And third, the only individual who is going to die is this little Arab if he doesnt get his ass on the ground.What was taking them so long? Travis had dragged the translation out as long as he could, stalling on a word here and there, but he could evidence that Catch was getting impatient and to encumber any long would en danger Jenny.He tore two sheets from the steno pad and handed them to Rachel. Its finished, now you can untie them. He gestured to Jenny and the Elliotts.No, Catch said. First we see if it works.Please, Rachel, you have what you want. Theres no reason to slide by these people here.Rachel took the pages. Ill make it up to them once I have the power. It wont hurt to keep them here a few more minutes.Travis fought the persuade to look back toward the woods. instead he cradled his head in his give and sighed deeply as Rachel began to read the invocation aloud.Augustus Brine finally convinced Gian Hen Gian to lie down on the ground. It was obvious that Rivera would not listen to anyone until the Djinn relented.Now, Masterson, where in the sinfulness did you get that metal suitcase?I told you, I stole it out of the hassle.Who owns the Chevy?I cant tell you that.You can tell me or you can go up on murder charges.Murder? Who was hit?About a thousand people, it looks like. Where is th e owner of that suitcase? Is it one of these guys?Rivera, I will tell you everything I know about everything in about fifteen minutes, but now youve got to let us finish what we started.And what was that?Brine spoke up, Sergeant, my name is Augustus Brine. Im a businessman here in town. I have done nothing wrong, so I have no reason to lie to you.So? Rivera said.So, you are right. There is a killer. We are here to stop him. If we dont act right now, he will get away, so please, please, let us go.Im not buying it, Mr. Brine. Where is this killer and why didnt you call the police about him? sequester it nice and slow, and dont leave anything out.We dont have time, Brine insisted.Just then they heard a loud thump and the snuff it of a body slumping to the ground. Brine turned around to see Mavis Sand standing over the collapsed detective, her baseball bat in hand.Hi, cutie, she said to Brine.They all jumped to their feet.Mavis, what are you doing here?He threatened to close me down if I didnt tell him where you went. After he left, I got to feeling like a shit about obese him, so here I am.Thanks, Mavis, Brine said. Lets go. Howard, you tab here. Robert, in the bed of the truck. Whenever youre ready, King, he said to the Djinn.Brine jumped into the truck, fired it up, and engaged the four- cps drive.Rachel read the break line of the invocation with a grandiose flourish of her arm. In the name of Solomon the King, I command thee to appearRachel said, Nothing happened.Catch said, Nothing happened, Travis.Travis said, Give it a minute. He had almost condition up hope. Something had gone horribly wrong. Now he was faced with either telling them about the candlesticks or keeping his bandage with the demon. Either way, the hostages were doomed.Fine, Travis, Catch said. The old man is the first to go.Catch wrapped one hand around Effroms neck. As Travis and Rachel watched, the demon grew into his eating form and lifted Effrom off the ground.Oh my God Rachel put her fist to her address and started backing away from the demon. Oh noTravis attempt to focus his will on the demon. Put him down, Catch, he commanded.From somewhere down the hill came the sound of a truck starting.Gian Hen Gian stepped out of the woods. Catch, he shouted, will you never give up your toys? The Djinn started up the hill.Catch threw Effrom to the side. He landed like a rag doll, ten yards away. Rachel was shaking her head violently, as if trying to shake away the demons image. Tears streamed down her cheeks.So person let the little fart out of his jar, Catch said. He stalked down the hill toward the Djinn.An engine roared and Augustus Brines pickup broke out of the tree line and bounced up the dirt road, throwing up a pervert of patter in its wake. Robert stood in the bed, place onto the roll bar for support.Travis darted past Catch to Amanda and Jenny.Still a coward, King of the Djinn? Catch said, pausing a second to look at the speeding truck.I am still your superior, the Djinn said.Is that why you surrendered your people to the netherworld without a fight?This time you lose, Catch.Catch spun to watch the truck slide around the ultimately turn and off the road to reverberateary across the open grass toward the candlesticks.Later, Djinn, Catch said. He began to run toward the truck. Taking five yards at a stride the demon was over the hill and past Travis and the women in seconds.Augustus Brine saw the demon overture at them. Hold on, Robert. He wrenched the wheel to the side to throw the truck into a slide.Catch lowered his shoulder and rammed into the right front fender of the truck. Robert saw the adjoin coming and seek to decide whether to bracing himself or jump. In an instant the finale was made for him as the fender change integrity under the demon and the truck went up on two wheels, then over onto its roof.Robert lay on the ground trying to get his wind back. He tried to move, and a searing pain shot through his arm. B roken. A thick cloud of dust hung in the air, obscuring his vision. He could hear the demon roaring behind him and the screeching sound of tearing metal.As the dust settled, he could just make out the learn of the upside-down truck. The demon was pinned under the hood, bust at the metal with his claws. Augustus Brine hung by his seat belt. Robert could see him moving.Robert climbed to his feet, using his good arm to push himself up.Gus he shouted.The candlesticks came back.Robert looked around on the ground. There was the bag. He had almost landed on it. He started to reach for it with both hands and nearly passed out when the pain from his broken arm hit him. From his knees he was able to scoop up the bag, heavy with the candlesticks, in his good arm.Hurry, Brine shouted.Catch had stopped clawing at the metal. With a great roar he shoved the truck up and off of him. Standing before the truck, he threw his head back and roared with such(prenominal) intensity that Robert nearly dro pped the candlesticks.Every drum in Roberts body said flee, get the hell out of here. He stood frozen.Robert, Im stuck. recreate them to me. Brine was struggling with the seat belt. At the sound of his voice the demon leapt to the drivers side of the truck and clawed at the doorway. Brine heard the skin of the door go with the first slash. He stared at the door in terror, expecting a claw to come through the window at any second. The demons claws raked the support beam inside the door.Gus, here. Ouch. Shit. Robert was trickery outside the passenger side window, displace the bag with the candlesticks across the roof of the truck. The play button, Gus. Push it.Brine felt the liquid ecstasy of his flannel shirt. Maviss recorder was still nip off there. He fumbled for the play button, lay down it, and pushed, just as a daggerlike claw ripped into his shoulder.A hundred miles south, at Vandenberg Air wedge Base, a radar technician reported a UFO entering restricted air space fro m over the Pacific. When the aircraft refused to respond to wireless warning, four jet fighters were scrambled to intercept. lead of the fighter pilots would report no optic contact. The fourth, upon landing, would be given a uranalysis and confined to quarters until he could be debriefed by an officer from the Air drag De bustment of Stress Management.The bogey would be officially explained as radar noise caused by unusually high puff conditions offshore.Of the thirty-six reports, filed in triplicate with heterogeneous departments of the military complex, not one would describe an enormous gaberdine hooter with an eighty-foot wingspan.However, after some consideration, the Pentagon would award seventeen one thousand thousand dollars to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for a secret study on the feasibleness of an owl-shaped aircraft. After two years of computing device simulations and wind-tunnel prototype tests, the research team would fold that an owl-shaped ai rcraft would, indeed, be an effective weapon, but only if the enemy should ever mobilize a corps of field-mouse-shaped tanks.Augustus Brine realized that he was going to die. In that same moment he realized that he was not afraid and that it did not matter. The monster clawing to get at him didnt matter. The chipmunk chatter of his voice contend back double-speed on the recorder didnt matter. The cheering of Robert, and now Travis, outside the truck didnt matter. He was acutely aware of it all, he was part of it all, but it did not matter. Even the atom smasherfire didnt matter. He accepted it and let it go.Rivera came to when Brine had started the truck. Mavis Sand was standing over the policeman with his revolver, but she and Howard were watching what was going on up the hill. Rivera glanced up the hill to see Catch materializing in his eating form, belongings Effrom by the throat.Santa Maria What the hell is that?Mavis trained the gun on him. Stay right there.Ignoring her, Ri vera stood and ran down the road toward his patrol car. At his car he popped the trunk lid and pulled the drunken revelry gun out of its bracket. As he ran back past Howards Jag, he paused, then undefendable the back door and grabbed Roberts hunting rifle.By the time he was again in view of the hill, the truck was upside down and the monster was clawing at the door. He threw the riot gun to the ground and shouldered the rifle. He braced the barrel against a tree, threw the drive out to jack a subject into the chamber, spy through the scope, and brought the cross-hairs down on the monsters face. Resisting the draw to scream, he squeezed the trigger.The round hit the demon in his open mouth and knocked him back a foot. Rivera quickly jacked another shell into the chamber and fired. Then another. When the firing pin clicked on an empty chamber, the monster had been knocked back from the truck a few feet but was still coming.Santa fucking Maria, Rivera said.Gian Hen Gian had reache d the top of the hill where Travis knelt by Amanda and Jenny.It is done, the Djinn said.Then do something Travis said. Help Gus.Without his orders I may show out only the command of my blend master. Gian Hen Gian pointed to the sky. Travis looked up to see something white coming out of the clouds, but it was too far away to make out what it was.Catch recovered from the rifle slugs and went forward. He hooked his huge hand behind the reinforcement beam of the trucks door, ripped it off, and threw it behind him. at heart the truck, still hanging from the seat belt, Augustus Brine turned calmly and looked at the demon. Catch drew back his hand to birth a blow that would rip Brines head from his shoulders.Brine smiled at him. The demon paused.What are you, some kind of wacko? Catch said.Brine didnt have time to answer. The reverberation of the owls screech shattered the windshield of the truck. Catch looked up as the talons locked around his body, and he was swept into the air flail ing at the owls legs.The owl climbed into the sky so rapidly that in seconds it was nothing more than a bantam silhouette against the sun, which was making its way toward the horizon.Augustus Brine continued to smile as Travis released the seat belt. He hit the roof of the truck with his injured shoulder and passed out.When Brine regained consciousness, they were all standing over him. Jenny was holding Amandas head to her shoulder. The old woman was sobbing.Brine looked from face to face. Someone was missing.Robert spoke first. show Gian Hen Gian to heal your shoulder, Gus. He cant do it until you tell him. While youre at it, tell him to fix my arm.Do it, Brine said. As he said it, the pain was gone from his shoulder. He sat up.Wheres Effrom?He didnt make it, Gus, Robert said. His heart gave out when the demon threw him.Brine looked to the Djinn. Bring him back.The Djinn shook his head balefully. This I cannot do.Brine said, Im sorry, Amanda. Then to Gian Hen Gian, What happened to Catch?He is on his way to Jerusalem.I dont understand.I have lied to you, Augustus Brine. I am sorry. I was bound to the last command of my last master. Solomon bade me take the demon back to Jerusalem and arrange him to a rock outside the great temple.Why didnt you tell me that?I thought you would never give me my power if you knew. I am a coward.Dont be ridiculous.It is as Catch said. When the angels came to drive my people into the netherworld, I would not let them fight. There was no battle as I told you. We went like sheep to the slaughter.Gian Hen Gian, you are not a coward. You are a creator you told me that yourself. Its not in your nature to destroy, to make war.But I did. So I have tried to vindicate myself by taenia Catch. I wanted to do for the man what I did not do for my own people.It doesnt matter, Brine said. Its finished.No, its not, Travis said. You cant chain Catch to a rock in the middle of Jerusalem. You have to send him back. You have to read the last i nvocation. Howard translated it while we were waiting for you to wake up.But Travis, you dont know what will happen to you. You may die on the spot.Im still bound to him, Gus. That isnt living anyway. I want to be free. Travis handed him the invocation and the candlestick with the cachet of Solomon concealed in it. If you dont, I will. It has to be done.All right, Ill do it, Brine said.Travis looked up at Jenny. She looked away. Im sorry, Travis said. Robert went to Jennys side and held her. Travis walked down the hill, and when he was out of sight, Augustus Brine began reading the words that would send Catch back to hell.They found Travis slumped in the backseat of Howards Jaguar. Augustus Brine was the first to reach the car.I did it, Travis. Are you all right?As Travis looked up, Brine had to fight the urge to recoil. The demonkeepers face was deeply furrowed and shot with broken veins. His dark hair and brows had turned white. But for his eyes, which were still young with inten sity, Brine would not have recognized him. Travis smiled. There were still a couple of teeth left in front.His voice was still young. It didnt hurt. I expected one of those wrenching Lon Chaney transformations, but it didnt happen. Suddenly I was old. That was it.Im cheerful it didnt hurt, Brine said.What am I going to do?I dont know, Travis. I need to think.